Data Visualisation

R has a very wide range of functions and packages for visualising data. The chapters in this part start with plotting in R, from base graphics to ggplot2, and combining several plots into one figure. They then cover spatial data and maps, and heatmaps. Plots for multivariate data are covered alongside the analyses they come from.

Visualising multivariate data

Two example multivariate plots side by side: an MDS ordination with points coloured by habitat forming distinct groups, and a cluster dendrogram of samples with labels coloured by location

Data with many variables per sample, such as the abundances of many species at each site, are usually visualised by reducing them to a few dimensions or by grouping similar samples. These plots are covered in the Multivariate and Other Methods part, with the analyses that produce them:

Visualising spatial data

These chapters cover handling spatial data and making maps:

Map of a raster of values from about 21.8 to 23, shaded from pink through yellow to green, with crosses marking sampling sites

Chapters in this part

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